Current Students

1. Complete 90 hours of course work, which must include the following 39 hours of required courses.

   Please note: These courses will change next year.

   Course	Hours
   *Civil Procedure I & II (DN707-DN708)	6
   *Contracts and Sales I & II (DN512 -DN513)	6
   *Criminal Law (DN533)	3
   *Legal Analysis, Research & Comm. I & II (DN520-DN521)	4
   *Property (DN509)	4
   *Torts I & II (DN541)	4
   **Legal Analysis, Research, & Communication III (DN530)	2
   Constitutional Law (DN620)	4
   Professional Responsibility (DN861)	2
   Total	35

   *Courses must be completed in the first year by full-time students and in the first two years by part-time students.

   **Course must be completed in the second year.

2. Complete a Supervised Research and Writing Project. This project is a substantial research paper that is the equivalent of a law review note. It should be approximately 25 pages exclusive of endnotes. The paper must be supervised by a faculty member and must receive a grade of at least B. Students may satisfy this requirement in any of the following ways: (1) completion of a course or seminar in which the grade is based substantially upon a written product which is the equivalent of a law review note, or (2) publication of a law review note or certification by the faculty advisor to one of the three law reviews that the student is a member of the law review and has completed a writing project which is the equivalent of a note, or (3) completion of at least 1 credit hour of the law school course Supervised Research, or (4) certification by a faculty member that the student, working without reference to a particular course offered for credit, has completed a paper that satisfies the requirements of this rule. Please note that the Moot Court Appellate Brief does not fulfill the writing requirement.

   Students are strongly encouraged to begin work on the advanced writing requirement in their second (full-time) or third (part-time) year of law school. Students who plan to complete the requirement as part of a course or seminar should enroll in that course no later than the beginning of their next-to-last semester of law school. Students who plan to complete the requirement independent of a course must secure a faculty sponsor, file the necessary paperwork, and begin substantial work on their project at the beginning of their next-to-last semester of law school.

3. Maintain a cumulative grade point average of at least 2.3 on a 4.0 scale.

1. First-year students do not select their own courses or schedules. First-year students are assigned to sections in such a manner as to maintain a balance in class size. Full-time first-year students must take Torts I and II, Contracts and Sales, Civil Procedure I and II, Property I and II, Legal Analysis, Research and Communication I and II, and Criminal Law. Part-time students in their first two semesters must take Torts I and II, Civil Procedure I and II, Legal Analysis, Research and Communication I and II, and Constitutional Law. Part-time students should complete Criminal Law the summer after their first year. Part-time students in their second year must complete Contracts I and II, Property I and II, and Legal Analysis, Research, and Communication III.

2. Before taking part II of a two-part course listed in the previous paragraph, a student must complete part I successfully.

3. The following courses are year-long courses, and students must remain in the same division and section during the fall and spring semesters: Civil Procedure I and II, Contracts I and II, and Legal Analysis, Research, and Communication I and II.

1. Legal Analysis, Research, and Communication III must be taken during the second year by full-time and part-time evening students.

2. After completing the courses required in the first two years, students have more choice in selecting courses. A full description of courses can be found in the current Law School View Book. A Course Guide for Students, available on the law school's web page, is designed to help students in selecting courses. Courses in the Course Guide are grouped according to subject area, and the names of the faculty members who teach the courses are included. Courses scheduled each year will be selected from the courses described in the View Book, but not all of the courses described there will necessarily be offered. From time to time, the faculty will offer additional courses that are not described in the View Book. If you have questions about what courses you should take, please contact the Dean for Students. Students are responsible for checking the prerequisites for courses in which they wish to enroll.

3. Elective courses, including traditional courses, seminars, perspective courses, clinical courses, and internships, are described in the Law School View Book, as supplemented from time to time by additions and deletions.

4. Successful practice of law and legal problem-solving require an attorney to have knowledge of a variety of areas of the law and other disciplines, regardless of the nature of the attorney’s practice. In addition, preparation for a career in law should acknowledge that the practice will continually require a lawyer to respond to novel problems, emerging social and cultural issues, and new developments in the law itself. To prepare graduates to meet these challenges, the law school highly recommends that every J.D. student take the upper-division electives listed below. Each of these courses covers topics on the Indiana Bar Examination.

   Administrative Law Closely Held Business Organizations Criminal Procedure: Investigations Evidence

   Family Law Income Tax Trusts and Estates

5. The courses listed above provide an introductory overview of foundational legal knowledge that is not covered in required J.D. courses.

6. To broaden and deepen the basic legal knowledge that students acquire in the required J.D. courses, the law school recommends that every law student take at least one elective in each of the following six categories of upper-division courses. Courses that cover topics on the Indiana Bar Examination are designated with an asterisk (*):

   • Commercial Law: Secured Transactions* or Commercial Paper.*
   • Constitutional Law: Civil Rights or Federal Jurisdiction or Freedom of Speech, Press, and Religion or Law of Church and State Relations or State Constitutional Law or Rights of Noncitizens or Selected Issues in Constitutional Law or Seminar on Constitutional Law or Seminar in Church and State Relations.
   • Property Law: Housing Discrimination & Segregation or Land Use or Real Estate Transfer, Finance and Development or Seminar on Property Theory or Seminar in Business and Estate Planning.
   • Torts Law: Advanced Torts or Environmental & Toxic Torts or Law of Medical Malpractice or Products Liability or Seminar in Selected Problems of Tort Law.
   • Federal Statutory Law: Antitrust or Bankruptcy or Consumer Law or Copyright or Corporate Reorganization & Bankruptcy or Discrimination in Employment or Environmental Law or ERISA Retirement Plans or Food and Drug Law or Immigration Law or Intellectual Property or Labor Arbitration/Collective Bargaining or Labor Law or Law of Hazardous Waste Regulation or Legislation or Patent Law or Securities Regulation or Sexual Harassment Law or Trademark Law.
   • Perspectives on the Law: A perspectives course is one that approaches the law and legal institutions from a special perspective. Such a perspective might be an international and/or comparative law approach to a certain subject area, such as International and Comparative Family Law, or an interdisciplinary approach to the law, such as American Legal History, Law and Economics, or Law and Psychology.  A list of possible perspectives courses is included in the Course Guide.

   The law school offers a variety of the electives in each of these categories each year, giving every student several options in each category over the course of the student’s tenure at the law school.

   Students seeking additional preparation for the Indiana Bar Examination might consider also taking one or more of the following courses:

   1. Criminal Procedure: Adjudication
   2. Publicly Traded Corporations
   3. Juvenile Law
   4. State and Local Taxation or Taxation of Corporations and Shareholders or Taxation of Partnerships and Partners or Taxation of Transferors, Fiduciaries, and Beneficiaries.

7. Supervised Research (D661): With the consent of a supervising faculty member, a student may enroll in Supervised Research and obtain credit for in-depth and comprehensive independent research. Supervised Research may be taken in a student's last semester of law school only if the student is taking at least one course or seminar requiring classroom attendance. Students may not enroll in Supervised Research in a summer session. An appropriate research and writing project completed while enrolled in Supervised Research may be used to satisfy the Supervised Research and Writing Requirement.

8. Check the Examination Schedule before Selecting Your Classes: Exam schedules will be posted prior to registration. Students should check carefully for exam conflicts and difficulties, as well as course scheduling conflicts and difficulties, before enrolling in courses, since exams ordinarily cannot be rescheduled. If there is a conflict due to two classes having exams at the same time, then you must speak with your professors prior to enrolling in the courses. There are many myths and rumors that abound regarding the rescheduling of exams. If an emergency makes it impossible for you to take your exam at its scheduled time, CONTACT YOUR PROFESSOR. Only your professor can offer you an alternative time for the exam.

1. Attendance: Regular attendance, class preparation, and participation are expected of all students. The professor will usually advise students early in the semester of the attendance requirements and will usually issue a warning if a student is having excessive absences. The professor will also advise students early in the semester if attendance or class participation affects the student's grade in the course.

   The general law school attendance policy provides that a student who is absent from more than 10 percent of classes or class meetings in any course may be dropped from the course at the discretion of the instructor. A student who is dropped for non-attendance in one of the required Basic Level Courses (I.C.1.) will receive a grade of F unless a grade of W is authorized upon petition to the law school's Student Affairs Committee.

2. Grades, Credit Hours, Class Rank: Credit hour means law school work for which one hour of credit toward graduation is assigned and includes work that is graded on a Satisfactory/Fail (S/F) basis. Satisfactory (S) credit hours count toward the hours of credit required for graduation, but credit hours of F do not.

   The number of grade points assigned for each credit hour completed at the School of Law is as follows:

   A+ = 4.0	C+ = 2.3
   A   = 4.0	C   = 2.0
   A-  = 3.7	C-  = 1.7
   B+ = 3.3	D+ = 1.3
   B   = 3.0	D   = 1.0
   B-  = 2.7	F   =  0

   Certain courses offered by the School of Law are graded on a Satisfactory/Fail (S/F) basis. These courses are so designated in the Course Descriptions section of the Law School Viewbook.

   A student's grade point average is determined by dividing the total number of grade points by the total number of graded credit hours, including failed credit hours but excluding satisfactory (S) credit hours and official withdrawal (W) grades. When a student retakes and passes a course which the student previously failed, both grades are counted in calculating the student's grade point average.

   It is possible in some instances that a student's grade point average computed by the School of Law might differ from the grade point average on a student's official Indiana University transcript. The official Indiana University transcript will include grades for all graduate courses taken by the student.

   The faculty of the School of Law has adopted the following grade distribution as a suggested goal for all courses except seminars and other special offerings such as Law Review, Moot Court or Advanced Research:

   First Year Courses			Other Courses
   A+ through A	10%		A   through A-	20%
   A- through B	50%		B+ through B-	60%
   B- through C	35%		C+ and below	20%
   C- and below	5%

   Grades should be submitted within 28 days of the date that the exam was given. Grades may be posted by exam number on individual professors' bulletin boards, and, when available, online at OneStart.

   The faculty of the School of Law has adopted a policy recommending that the average grade for each course fall in the range of 2.9 - 3.1. This range is a suggested goal for all courses except seminars and other special offerings such as Law Review, Moot Court, or Supervised Research.

   A grade of D or better is a passing grade in a particular course. Students may not retake a course that has been passed.

   Students may not do extra work in order to raise a grade that has been recorded.

   Grades earned at another law school, or in a program sponsored by another law school, will not be used in the computation of the student's grade point average at the School of Law-Indianapolis.

   Dean's List: Students who are enrolled in at least 8 hours of graded course work during a fall or spring semester, and who earn a grade point average of at least 3.5 in at least 8 hours of graded course work, are placed on the Dean's List, which acknowledges their superior academic performance.

   Class rank: Students who have completed at least 30 credit hours are considered second-year students, and those who have completed at least 60 credit hours are considered third-year students for purposes of class rankings. Class rank is available online under the “Current Students” section or posted within the outer office of Student Services. Due to different class sessions, there is not a Dean’s list posted for summer classes.

   Students who have accumulated 20 credit hours must maintain a cumulative grade point average of at least 2.3. Students who fail to do so will be excluded from law school. In order to continue in law school, the students must successfully petition a faculty subcommittee on Readmissions. Any student who accumulates ten or more hours graded F, including courses retaken, courses failed a second time, and courses for which an incomplete reverts to an F, will be excluded from law school and must petition a faculty committee for permission to continue in law school. Complete information pertaining to academic exclusion and readmission is contained in a document entitled "Standards for Academic Exclusion and Readmission," available upon request from the Student Services Office. Students who are excluded will receive a copy of the Standards with the notice of exclusion that is sent by the Dean for Students.

3. Withdrawals and Incompletes. Withdrawals during the first ten weeks of a regular semester or summer session are automatically marked W. After this time, the instructor in the course must approve the withdrawal. A withdrawal at any time from a required first-year course (first two years for part-time students) must be approved by both the Dean for Students and the Student Affairs Committee upon petition, although the Student Affairs Committee may delegate to the Dean for Students its authority to approve. If a withdrawal is not approved, a grade of F will be recorded. To withdraw from Legal Analysis, Research, and Communication I or II, a student must petition and receive the approval of the Student Affairs Committee.

   Withdrawal from a class (other than a required first year curriculum course) can be done online. Be advised that there is a limited time in which to withdraw and receive aamount of a refund for the withdrawal from classes decreases in 25% increments.

   Any student withdrawing from a course or courses within ten days of the end of the last scheduled day of classes (including Saturdays and Sundays), must obtain permission from the Instructor and the Dean for Students. If the student has taken the examination, then withdrawal from the course is not allowed.

   Students who discontinue attending classes without following the above withdrawal procedure will receive the grade of F. Withdrawal forms are available from the Office of Student Services. After obtaining the appropriate signatures, the student is responsible for delivering the form to the University Registrar. A withdrawal becomes effective on the date the withdrawal form is received by the University Registrar's Office.

   The grade of I (Incomplete) is used on final grade reports to indicate that a student's work is satisfactory as of the end of the semester or summer session, but has not been completed. The grade of I may be given only when (i) the completed portion of the student's work in the course is of passing quality, and (ii) in a course requiring an examination, upon a showing of impossibility, such hardship to a student as would render it unjust to hold the student to the time limits previously fixed for completion of the work, or other good cause.

   A student who fails to complete the work in any non-examination course in the semester or summer session enrolled, if required by the instructor, must submit a written explanation to the instructor not later than five days after the end of classes, stating the reason the work was not completed. If the reason is acceptable to the instructor, the instructor has discretion to assign the grade of I. If the reason is not acceptable to the instructor, the instructor has discretion to assign a grade of W or F.

   A student who fails to complete the work assigned in required courses in Legal Analysis, Research, and Writing in the semester enrolled, or who fails to take a final examination in the semester or summer session enrolled must submit a written explanation to the instructor and to the Dean for Students not later than five days after the end of classes or five days after the examination is held, whichever is the later date, stating the reason the work has not been completed or the reason the examination was not taken. (Students who know they will be unable to take a final examination as scheduled must ordinarily follow the withdrawal procedures described above.)

   If the course is not a required course, and if the reason is acceptable to both the Dean for Students and the instructor, a grade of I will be recorded. If the reason is not acceptable to the Dean for Students or the instructor, a grade of W or F will be assigned in the discretion of the instructor.

   If the course is a required course, and if the reason is acceptable to both the Dean for Students and the instructor, the Dean for Students shall present the request to the Student Affairs Committee, which may authorize a grade of I or W. (The Committee may delegate its authority to the Dean for Students.) If the reason is not acceptable to the instructor or the Student Affairs Committee, a grade of F will be assigned.
   

   If the student fails to submit a timely written explanation, a grade of F will be assigned.
   The University allows one year to remove an I, although the professor may shorten this time. The professor and Dean for Students may authorize extension. When an I is assigned, the instructor implicitly authorizes and requires the I to be changed to an F at the end of the appropriate time period, if the instructor does not otherwise act to remove the I. The Registrar’s Office will automatically change the I to an F at the end of the appropriate time period. Both the student and the instructor in whose course the student received the I will be notified of this change of grade. A grade of I may be changed to a W only with approval of the Dean for Students.

1. A full-time student (that is, one who is enrolled in 12 or more credit hours during a regular semester, or 6 or more credit hours during a summer session) may not work more than 20 hours per week.

2. Except in unusual cases, part-time students registered for 11 credit hours in a regular semester are subject to the same limitation on working hours as full-time students, and therefore may not work more than 20 hours per week.

3. Part-time students registered for 10 credit hours in a regular semester or 5 credit hours in a summer session may not work more than 40 hours per week.

4. Any student who has been a part-time student (that is, enrolled in 11 hours or less of course work) during the fall and spring semesters immediately preceding the summer session may enroll in six hours of summer course work and work up to 35 hours per week during the eight-week summer session.

   Students who are employed, either full-time or part-time, during law school are required to complete an Employment Certification Form. Forms and instructions will be distributed in student mail folders and will specify the date by which they must be returned to the Office for Student Services. If changes in the reported information occur during the semester or summer session, students must immediately notify the Office for Student Services and complete a new Employment Certification Form containing accurate information for that semester or summer session.

   Enforcement of the employment rules may entail one or both of the following:

1. Compelling compliance by requiring modification of employment commitments or credit hour enrollment;

2. Communicating with employers about the rule and enforcement policies.

5. Some students seek full-time employment and pursue their studies in the part-time division in order to meet the financial obligations of law study. Full-time students, after their first year of law study, sometimes seek part-time employment to offset expenses. The law school's Office of Professional Development provides assistance in finding appropriate law-related employment.

   Limitations on the amount of permissible outside work apply to all students. Outside activities are not viewed as an acceptable excuse for low academic performance in either division of the law school.

1. Students may graduate in December, May, or August.
   

2. All 3L’s are responsible for complying with the requirements for graduation. The Office for Student Services has a checklist to assist with this process. It is wise to do the checklist prior to the final year of study, in case something is in question.

3. All 3L’s must return the required form to the Office for Student Services stating the expected date of graduation and their name as they want it to appear on the diploma. The form should be returned no later than the fall semester of the academic year they expect to graduate.
   

4. It is a good idea for all 3L’s to stay in close touch with the Office for Student Services if they have any Incompletes, if they have not yet completed the Supervised Research and Writing Requirement, or if any other issues exist regarding their expected graduation. If a 3L has any incompletes or has not completed the Advanced Research and Writing requirement, the “Intent to Complete” form must be filed with the Office for Student Services.
   

5. Graduation with honors. A student who has complied with the requirements for graduation and who has attained an outstanding scholastic average in work done in the School of Law may be graduated Cum Laude, Magna Cum Laude, or Summa Cum Laude. The standards for award of honors are determined periodically by the faculty, generally within the following guidelines:

   Summa Cum Laude - no more than the top 5 percent of the class;
   Magna Cum Laude - no more than the next 5 percent of the class;
   Cum Laude - no more than the next 10 percent of the class.
   

   Tentative honors may be determined at the time of graduation, but final honors will not be calculated until all grades have been recorded for the semester in which the student graduates.

   Class standing and honors will be based on the graduating student's total cumulative grade point average after completion of all law school course work.

   Final honors for December graduates will be calculated when fall grades are submitted and for May graduates when all spring semester grades have been submitted. Final honors for August graduates will be determined when all summer session grades have been submitted; calculations of class rank will include the final grades of December and May graduates. No December or May graduate who has received final honors after the completion of the student’s final semester will lose that honor even if his/her class standing drops as a result of the inclusion of August graduates.

To request an accommodation under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), a student with a disability should first register with the Office of Adaptive Educational Services and then present the request in writing to the Dean for Students within the first two weeks of each semester in which an accommodation is requested.

JD students for whom English is a second language may apply to the Associate Dean for Student Services forspecial accommodations on his/her examinations. This request must be made within the first two weeks of the semester. The Associate Dean for Student Services may grant the following accommodation under the following circumstances:

1. Student must not have attended for two or more years a college or university wherein instruction was
   primarily or exclusively in English
   

2. Extension of time is limited to additional time and the use of a non-legal, non-electronic translation
   dictionary.
   

3. Additional time will be afforded in the following manner:

   1. If the accommodation is sought for an exam when the student has attended for less than one year a college or university wherein instruction was primarily or exclusively in English, the student will be afforded time and one half for his/her exam and the use of a non-legal, non-electronic translation dictionary.

   2. If the accommodation is sought for an exam when the student has attended for at least one year but less than two years a college or university wherein instruction was primarily or exclusively in English, the student will be afforded time and one quarter for his/her exam and use of a non-legal, non-electronic translation dictionary.

   3. If the accommodation is sought for an exam when the student has attended for two years or more a college or university wherein instruction was primarily or exclusively in English, the Dean of Student Services will deny such request.

4. Faculty Member Exercise of Negative Discretion. If the Associate Dean for Student Services decides to offer an accommodation, any faculty member who does not agree that an accommodation should be offered for the exam associated with his/her course may deny the accommodation in whole or in part. A faculty member must deny the accommodation (or any part thereof) within two weeks of his/her notification of the Associate Dean of Student Services’ decision.

5. Student Appeal. A student who is not satisfied with the accommodation offered or denied by the Associate Dean for Student Services or denied by a faculty member may submit a written petition to the Student Affairs Committee within two weeks of the decision of the Associate Dean of Student Services or decision by a faculty member to negatively exercise his/her discretion (whichever is later). The Chair of the Student Affairs Committee in his/her discretion may delegate the petition to one of its subcommittees. The Associate Dean for Student Services will provide relevant information to the Committee or Subcommittee, including the TOEFL, TOWE, ESL, and LSAT scores of the student, grades in English courses taken since enrollment in the Law School, and the type of modification previously offered to the applicant. The Committee or relevant Subcommittee will adjust a modification decision only upon a showing by the student that his/her English abilities continue to require additional exam accommodation and that it is manifestly unjust or inconsistent with the academic standards of the Law School to deny such accommodation.

6. No accommodations are available for take-home exams, papers, or oral presentations.

7. The Committee will also obtain data periodically from the Associate Dean for Student Services to evaluate this modification policy and to ensure that the academic standards of the Law School are being upheld. For purposes of evaluating and reviewing the effect of this policy, the Associate Dean for Student Services may release summary data concerning modifications made to foreign students to any faculty member or to other persons with a good faith interest in developing and improving procedures for assisting foreign students.

A number of experiential learning opportunities are available to law students. These opportunities include clinics and internships. For some of these experiences, students must obtain a certification for student practice. In planning schedules, students should remember the prerequisites for seeking such certification. The Supreme Court's Admission and Discipline Rule 2.1 permits students to practice under the supervision of licensed attorneys upon certification by the Dean that such students (1) have completed one-half or more of the credit hours required for their J.D. degree, (2) are in good academic standing, and (3) have satisfactorily completed or are currently enrolled in the course in Professional Responsibility. Further, the certification is contingent upon an agreement filed with the Dean's Office by a licensed attorney who agrees to supervise the legal intern's activities. Further information may be obtained from the Office for Student Services.

Attendance of persons in law school courses is a privilege obtained solely upon the payment of tuition established by the university for that course. Faculty shall not permit informal audits of law school classes by any person in any law school course. “Informal audits” are those situations in which a person, whether or not a student enrolled at the law school, attends the class meetings for more than three class meetings and for the purpose of becoming acquainted with all or part of the subject matter of the course. Attendance at the beginning of a semester prior to the latest date for dropping a course without penalty is not an informal audit. A faculty member may invite another faculty member to attend class meetings as a matter of professional courtesy, and attendance by the invited colleague shall not be an informal audit.

A student who believes that he or she has been treated unfairly in grading shall, when possible, first confer with the faculty member who determined the grade. If the student is not satisfied with the results after conferring with the faculty member, the student may discuss the matter with the Vice Dean, who in turn may confer with the faculty member. Final authority for making any change in the grade rests with the faculty member.

The IUPUI Code of Student Rights, Responsibilities and Conduct includes procedures to be followed by students who believe that any of their rights under that Code have been violated by a member of the faculty or administration.

In general, the faculty should respect published schedules and the expectations generated by those schedules. A scheduled class should therefore not be changed with respect to its regular meeting time or place unless the faculty member concerned and the Vice Dean for Academic Affairs concludes that the reasonable expectations of students and other faculty members would not be substantially defeated by such a change or that a compelling reason outweighing these considerations supports the change. The voluntary agreement of all students in a class will establish that student expectations are not defeated. Agreement of students is voluntary if the anonymity of any objecting student is preserved by means of the following procedure: The faculty member shall announce a proposed scheduling change and announce that any objection may be made anonymously by communicating with the Office of the Vice Dean for Academic Affairs within one week following the date of the announcement. The Vice Dean for Academic Affairs shall, upon receipt of objections, notify the faculty member proposing the change of these objections without disclosing the identity of the student(s) making them.

Classes should not be scheduled or rescheduled for times reserved for faculty and committee meetings. This policy does not apply to make-up classes.

Faculty members are responsible for ensuring that they meet their classes for the number and length of the periods scheduled. If classes are missed for reasons of illness or other exigency, faculty members are expected to make every reasonable effort to hold make-up classes or otherwise ensure that the entire time scheduled for class instruction is actually expended. Faculty members scheduling make-up classes should also be mindful of the policy discouraging make-up classes and review sessions during the last two weeks of the semester.

Students may enroll in a maximum of eighteen semester credits during any regular semester. Students enrolled in summer sessions may be allowed to enroll in as many as ten hours. The Associate Dean for Students may approve a course load greater than eighteen credit hours in a semester if the student demonstrates that circumstances warrant it and that residency requirements will not be violated.

Reasonable exceptions to some of the law school's rules, regulations, procedures and policies may be granted upon timely and reasonable request. Some exceptions may be granted by the Dean for Students; others require approval of the Student Affairs Committee through a formal petitioning procedure. The Associate Dean for Students is a reliable source of information regarding rule compliance and exceptions. Students should consult the Dean for Students rather than relying on informally-obtained information such as the rumor mill.